Communion

I grew up without much religion. I briefly attended the Unitarian Church as a result of a negotiation between my parents to placate their respective families. My mother was raised Methodist from strong Midwestern stock. My father is Jewish, and is bald, fancies rye bread and lives in Southern Florida if you need further proof.

I remember the Unitarian church as a feelgood operation, a bit like a field day where all the kids got ribbons even when finishing last. I resonated with the minimal dogmatism and absence of a monopolistic claim to theological truth. The Unitarians essentially portrayed Jesus as a nice Jewish boy and the exemplar model for living one's own life, not as the earthly incarnate of an invisible creator of the universe.  

I currently fashion myself as Buddhish, spiritually Buddhist and culturally Jewish. As a kid though, while I wasn’t a heathen, I wasn’t exactly walking in the footsteps of the ascendant host either.

When I was ten, living in Connecticut, I had a best friend named Patrick Murphy. You could live within the walls of the Vatican and not be as Catholic as Patrick’s family. Patrick and I would engineer sleepovers every weekend, eat popcorn into the wee hours and relentlessly watch Grease on VHS, rewinding the bit with Olivia Newton-John dancing on the Shake Shack in her tight leather pantaloons. That was my conception of heaven. To this day, I hold a petty resentment that Patrick always assumed the role of Danny Zuko in our imaginary Fairfield County gang life. I was left playing the unsavory and morally rudderless Kenickie.

One Sunday morning in January, we woke to a foot of snowy powder. In what might be considered divine intervention, my parents were unable to fetch me from the Murphy’s. Our impious driveway was snowed in.

“No worries,” replied Mother Murphy, with a Christian sunniness that belied the weather. “We’ll bring Jeffrey to mass with us.”  A nauseating dread consumed me as I eavesdropped the call. I had barely set foot in a church, let alone attended a formal mass.

Even though the sleeves ended halfway up my forearms, I packed my corpulence into Patrick’s slim-fit blazer in much the same way that we crammed into Murphy’s minivan. Evidently, their drive had magically been plowed by a celestial seraphim overnight.

We disembarked at St Aloysius, the Catholic parish in town, and waddled single file into the church, the upstanding parents leading the way, and children dutifully following; Kevin, Megan, Erin, Colleen, Patrick and me, bringing up the rear.

Thankfully, this waterfowl sequence landed me on the end of the last row of pews, my natural habitat. I have always associated my proclivities for anxiety, hypochondria and claustrophobia with my Jewish heritage. Somewhere buried in Leviticus it is likely decreed that those who escapeth enslavement from Egypt must sit on the aisle, else they panic convinced they’re having cardiac arrest.  

Adorned in a resplendent bejeweled frock, the priest strolled majestically to the altar. The congregation crossed themselves and settled. Befuddled, as if I were in an ASL crash course, I mimicked awkwardly the best I could and sat down. The priest’s sermon drew from the Book of John. It was the story of an adulteress who had been brought to Jesus for condemnation by a group of men keen to stone her. Jesus demurred a reply but the men kept demanding an answer, so Jesus stood up and said, “All right, but let the one who has never sinned cast the first stone.” The men sheepishly left and Jesus forgave the woman and told her to sin no more.   

As the liturgy came to end, the congregation stood and people began to file down the nave toward the altar. Everyone began to sing a hymn. I recognized all sorts of folks from my town.

My friends, Brian and Peter, from my basketball team, with their families. The Riggio’s who ran the eponymous pizza parlor downtown. Manuel, the crossing guard from South School. And Mr. C, my math teacher, who wore cardigans and overused Binaca spray.  

Patrick whispered to me to follow him down the nave to take Holy Communion. Petrified, I floundered down aisle, hands clenched in prayer, trudging toward the unknown. I reached the front, and shakily formed a throne with my hands. The priest intoned something incomprehensible in Latin and placed a wafer in my sweaty cupped palms.

As a boy with significant appetite, I was mildly disappointed in the measly, singular cracker with a cross on it. It wasn’t until I was outside that I was informed that I had partaken in the body of Christ himself, if perhaps only a sacred hangnail.  

The congregation had thronged to the plaza outside the parish, solemnity giving way to an equally fervent jocular camaraderie. Folks back-slapped and laughed, exchanged compliments and admired each other’s children. For this ephemeral moment, on this picturesque snowy day, roles and rank dissolved. A group of people of diverse race, creed and political persuasion congregated to acknowledge something bigger than themselves. And, in the receipt of this Holy Eucharist, in the utter humility of it, a communion of souls extended beyond the walls of the church and the notion of a separate self briefly vanished.  

The monumental election of 2020 is mercifully over and the winner is determined. Some will cry tears of joy and jubilation and others of sorrow and indignation. But after a year of indelible anguish and vitriol, a catharsis is overflowing into the streets, like champagne spouting from a shaken bottle. We can hear a giant exhale, a collective purification of spirit and purgation of fear. To watch my three daughters intently transfix their eyes to the Vice-President Elect, as she delivers her speech, restores my hope in American possibility.

The outcome is tremendously meaningful, particularly for those who have been impacted by the policies of the past 4 years, but the ground conditions in our country remain the same. While a new president will take the highest oath, if Americans are going to confront the colossal challenges ahead, each one of us must commit to the sacred oath of the citizen. We will need to find common ground. Even more, we will need to recognize our common humanity, to appreciate that, behind the plate mail of our political selves, we share the sorrows of death, the joys of new life, the trials of work, the thrills of accomplishment and the hopes for a better world for our children.  

E Pluribus Unum, “Out of Many, One,” is the long-standing motto of the United States approved by Congress in 1782. This maxim speaks to a shared recognition that, as individual citizens, we collectively participate in the greater national project for freedom and justice. That our liberation is indeed bound. However, as I sit here typing, there is little sense of unity or oneness in our nation. The cultural chasm that gapes between Americans has never been wider or deeper. We are bunkered in tribes of political identity, tethered by our ankles to the thoroughbred of social media dreck that gallops toward one extreme or another dragging us along, leaving our nation drawn and quartered.  

Given the freshness of the wounds, it will take considerable time for our cultural lacerations to scab and heal, but the noble hearted among us must begin to suture the gash. This is my purpose here, both at Commune and in my broader life, to foster community through compassion and conversation, to create a safe and inclusive space in which people can disagree without being disagreeable. I believe in true belonging, being accepted without compromising your beliefs, and tolerance for everything except intolerance.

The following observations are just my own and I am quite certain that your input will only improve them. This is the nature of ideas. In an open marketplace, the best notions simmer, commingle and bubble to the surface.  

I did not choose our out-going President. I find him to be a confection of vice and believe his pathological narcissism and mendacity are a political danger. But these sentiments do not extend de facto to those who support him. In response to those on the left who seem incredulous as to how any sane human could endorse this President, I have worked hard to understand his appeal and his utility. And over the past months, through extensive communication, I have made efforts to cultivate relationships with his supporters. In order to work together, we need to understand each other.

He has become a champion for the white working class, largely left in the dust of corporate globalism. There is real hurt in these communities, places that once thrived with manufacturing jobs and vibrant downtowns, now moonscapes pocked with mini-marts, boarded up retail and fentanyl. These communities, mired in economic despair, long neglected and flown over, find agency in this President. And in this agency, life has meaning where it might otherwise not. This is potent. We all want to be heard and seen.

When I listen, really intently listen, to rural voters - like Susan, from Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, who has become a regular presence in my Sunday inbox - what I hear is a deep resentment of being shamed. They don’t like being called racist and ignorant. Who would? These are the most profound insults one can levy and for good reason. This president does not pass judgment on these folks. And it might be argued that, through his own moral vacancy, he expiates their sins. A man who embraces the meek, passes no judgment and expiates sin. Does that remind you of someone?

It is said, “Wise are those who look at others with the same generosity they offer themselves, and at themselves with the same critical eye they have for others.” Given that essentially 70 million people pledged for each candidate, more than in any either previous election, neither side can logically argue the other is completely deranged. In the pursuit of common ground, it may be time for both left and right to turn a critical eye on itself.

And here I will teeter on a tightrope spanned over the third rail. These are the hard, thorny conversations of reconciliation.

It must be our collective project to eradicate racism from every corner of the earth. The murder of George Floyd and the subsequent national reckoning for racial justice has inspired many to engage in a deep moral inventory, to examine their implicit biases and to question historical narratives. Personally, I can attest to having learned more in the last six months than I learned studying race relations in college about the war on drugs, criminal justice reform, the history of the American police, redlining and housing policy and the scale of the persistent wealth gap. 

But while the white left unpacks its complicity in systemic injustice and attempts to untangle the web of privilege, it also seems all too ready to sanctimoniously levy the epithet of “racist” on anyone who deviates from its orthodoxy.

My pen pal Susan is a white single mother living in a trailer who works two minimum wage jobs at Burger King and Home Depot.  Does shaming her, not for any reprehensible action but simply for her politics, advance the cause of racial justice? Because, while she may benefit in some ways from the color of her skin, I guarantee she feels no privilege, nor does she feel a sense of guilt for the atrocities her great-grandfather may have committed. She is simply scraping by.

This practice of hurling slurs, largely behind the shield of an iPhone screen, is not only arrogant, it is also, evidently, not good political strategy. And it will never bring us together. If we are committed to healing our country, and there’s every reason to be, then perhaps white liberals can consider this aforementioned quotation before casting invidious aspersions, “Let the one who has never sinned cast the first stone.” 

Instead of broadening the definition of racism in a manner that ostracizes half of the population, we can unite around the collective project for racial equity; ending the war on drugs, enacting criminal justice reform (which has bipartisan support), expanding access to education and health care and building affordable housing.

As I read Susan’s emails and others who echo her antipathy for the moral posturing of the left, I attempt to don her emotional clothing by understanding her lived experience. And, like some kind of strange cultural interpreter, I try to explain to her the lived experience of others, particularly marginalized people, who not only feel a denial of opportunity but unsafe in their own country. One group’s empowerment cannot come at the expense of another’s. She seems to hear it.

America will need a truth and reconciliation process that can foster dialogue at scale. The road to reparations must be paved with empathy rather than shame. And part of this exercise will include the establishment of a shared vernacular.

One of the most prominent themes in my exchanges with Susan is that she believes that the left are all “socialists.” She hurls the rubric with reckless abandon. The right has weaponized a warped misunderstanding of socialism. In reality, there is no leftist platform in support of collective ownership of industry or nationalization of banks. There is no one arguing against free market capitalism. There are social programs that include social security, Medicare, Medicaid, farm subsidies, public education and many others. These programs exist to dull the knife point of capitalism, to protect the vulnerable. The extent to which this safety net should be cast should be the topic of vigorous debate in a democracy, but to misrepresent these programs, especially to some of the people who need them most, is a most crass kind of political maneuvering.

The chasms that divide us as a result of misinformation and fear mongering are daunting, but more intractable still are the wedge issues that spring from deeply held personal beliefs. But if we are to bridge the cultural divide, we must now step back from our political and religious identities in an effort to recognize the moral underpinnings of our different respective beliefs.

I have written extensively about human moral intuition. Sitting behind religion, I believe there is an innate shared sense of universal truth. Before Moses raised a stone tablet above his head etched with “thou shalt not steal,” we collectively knew thievery to be unethical. And this precept is virtually unanimous despite our religious affiliations.  I contend that a belief in a common moral bedrock can undergird our political and social identities as well. 

For example, Susan considers her “pro-life” stance as a deeply moral one. There may be no issue more culturally divisive than abortion. Those who are “pro-life” castigate the other side as morally bereft in their disregard for the sanctity of human life. Those who are “pro-reproductive freedom” rage against their opponents for their disrespect of a woman’s right to control her own body.  You can set your watch to the party affiliations of these positions.

We can debate incessantly about whether life begins at conception, whether the government has a right to dictate a woman’s decisions over her own body or why legal abortion is really just safe abortion. But is it possible to find a spirit that recognizes that the positions adopted by both sides are rooted in profound moral conviction? And though legal wrangling will always be fractious, is there not at least the possibility of uniting around a shared goal of minimizing abortion through supporting women, addressing the root causes of unwanted pregnancies and providing wide access to family planning.  

The rancor of this time has not only worn the nation threadbare, but it has ruptured friendships and torn families apart. If there is any remote hope of finding reconciliation, we must collectively eschew our addiction to social media. The weaponization of misinformation on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube imperceptibly pushes us toward the edges, radicalizes our opinions and lures us into acts of public vitriol, executed in private. Social media may be the primary engine of our national self-hatred. Healing will not happen digitally. It will only happen in real community. It will happen by powering down and going next door.

Four years ago, some felt emboldened in their beliefs by the outcome of an election. And, today, others feel a similar vindication. But I call on each of us to be brave enough to walk the middle path. This is not limp conciliation. On the contrary, the pursuit of unity emerges from a robust patriotism.  

The first words enshrined in our greatest piece of American literature are “We the people.” Compassion is brave. And it is compassion we must now find to revive the quest for a more perfect union, to provide for the common defense, to promote the general welfare for these United States of America. It’s time to heal. As the President-Elect implored, “Let this grim era of demonization begin to end here and now.” 

Jesus’ sacrament is not marble and brass, but bread and wine. We must now bake the bread in order to break it with each other. We must sit around the supper table and drink wine with each other, not to be further drunken in our opinions, but to foster fellowship through hard conversation. Now is the time to summon the better angels of our nature, to sit together in a Holy Communion, each of our making, for the sake of our flawed, beautiful, messy, soulful country. 

God bless you. And God bless the United States of America.

A Solemn Pledge

In 1987, I ran for high school president. It was a hotly contested race with many worthy candidates. I ran on a populist, if flimsy, platform of pizza Fridays and Van Halen on the snack bar jukebox. My campaign relied heavily on superlative slogans: Krasno Knows, JPK All the Way, It’s About Jeffin’ Time. And we made appeals to foreign-language speakers with Jeff Pour Le Chef and Jefe Por El Jefe. I glad-handed the beefcakes and lugged the girls’ textbooks to class. I affixed placards to the sign posts and stuffed lockers with handbills. I suffered through supplemental chapel sessions to underscore my scrupulous moral character. Had there been babies, I would have kissed them, a strategy I assiduously refused to deploy with the cheerleaders. I went careening into election day brimming with confidence.

The poll results were typed on a notecard and tacked to the student bulletin board the next morning. People crowded around the notice like locusts, a gossipy buzz permeating the halls. I elbowed my way to the front and my heart sank like a sack of sand. Amanda Tuttle, the spunky blond lacrosse player with the ski jump nose, would be the president. Finishing second, I would fulfill the drab ceremonial duties of Vice President which largely consisted of wretched flag duty. Stunned, I searched for answers. Maybe it was the fake dossier alleging lurid entanglements with my Russian teacher? Maybe I shouldn’t have joined the adrenochrome club? Rejected and dejected, I moped off to English Lit, Death of a Salesman in hand.  

My English teacher, Blair Torrey, was a tree-trunk of a man, short and stocky yet full of vigor. He embodied every facet of the Renaissance man; a skilled sportsman schooled in the classics of Latin and Greek, able to quote Burns and Eliot at the drop of a Tudor flat cap. His keen emotional intelligence picked up on my dolefulness, as I slumped into my chair like Willie Loman. 

“Mr. Krasno,” he barked, “What is the etymology of the word ‘vote’?” 

Bothered and bewildered, I shrugged.  

And then, in an act right out of Dead Poet’s Society, Torrey scooped up a weighty and frayed antediluvian Webster’s dictionary and hurled it at me from across the room. Like a fat tuna, it landed with a sonorous thud on my desk. He peered over his spectacles, the edges of eyes tightening, spurring me along.

I flipped through the timeworn yellowed pages until I found the entry. I knew better than to simply recite the definition, so I skipped to the derivation.

Vote is derived from the Latin votum “a vow, wish, promise to a god, dedication, a solemn pledge.”

 “Krasno, you weren’t running for school president.” Torrey loved the pregnant pause, cuing up a statement of great gravitas. “You were asking for the solemn pledge of your classmates.”  

It’s quite difficult to remember amidst the mud-slinging morass of our current politic bog that there is anything remotely solemn or spiritual afoot. This spectacular rite of self-determination has been tainted to resemble an all-day slog at the DMV.  

But, of course, many of history’s most revered spiritual icons were engaged in profoundly political acts. Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt. Jesus was crucified for fighting against the exploitation of the poor and meek. Jeanne D’Arc was martyred at 19 for crusading against English domination. Gandhi, armed with the unassailable moral integrity of ahimsa, marched for Indian independence. Reverend King and many others including John Lewis and Ralph Abernathy prayed with their feet in the quest for racial equity. These heroes, and scores of others, dedicated their lives to giving a voice to the voiceless. 

But our human narrative is also rife with countless examples of miscreant leaders, some of them history’s darlings, steadfast to keeping the powerless in their place.  Our American story is certainly no exception, from conception onward.

From the mid 17th-century and for a hundred years after, suffrage in the American colonies was restricted to white, male, Christian property owners. The United States Constitution, ratified in 1787, did not define voter eligibility, allowing each state to determine its own regulations. And, sluggishly, bit by painstaking bit, for nearly 250 years, we have inched along the arc of the moral universe to extend the franchise. The expansion of voting rights can be principally attributed to the courageous battles waged by passionate citizens generation after generation including the aforementioned civil rights champions as well as Susan B. AnthonyElizabeth Cady StantonAlice Paul, Lucy Stone and Ida B. Wells.

In fact, the sacredness of this right can be judged by the measure of the sacrifice made by others to secure it.

No less than four of the fifteen post-Civil War constitutional amendments have been ratified to extend suffrage to various groups of disenfranchised citizens. The 15th Amendment (1870) prohibited the denial of voting rights based upon “race, color or previous condition of servitude.” Women’s suffrage was codified by the 19th Amendment (1920). The 24th Amendment (1964) illegalized the poll tax. And the 26th Amendment (1971) established the national minimum age standard of eighteen.

The fight to deny and abridge these rights has been leveraged with equal passion. Almost as fast as rights were won, barriers were erected to undermine the enfranchisement of minority groups: Religious requirements, property qualifications, poll taxes, and literacy tests. The powerful, left and right, employ a sinister dexterity in their quest to preserve their toe hold on sovereignty.

This dark treachery of American history continues to haunt us today in a number of states including the battleground of Florida. For years, convicted felons were denied the right to vote in the Sunshine state. In a 2018 referendum, Florida voters overwhelmingly approved a measure to restore the franchise to those with felony convictions who have served their sentences, as long as the crime committed was not murder or sexual abuse. This initiative added an astounding 1.4 million voters to the rolls. However, this year an appeals court deemed that the governor and legislature could impose a ruling that made felons ineligible unless they paid back all their outstanding court fines and fees. Of course, many are, understandably, unable to afford it. Thus, the battle rages on.

If you ever feel that your vote is inconsequential then ask yourself why the denial of that right is the wicked project of so many.

Once you have embraced the imperative of exercising your civic duty, take a step further.  Ask yourself how you might shift the narrative of voting from a political salvo, discharged once every few years, to a deeper commitment, practiced daily.   

This ritual of election is not merely transactional but, on an individual level, a spiritual expression. The right to pull a lever does not just register an assent for a candidate or proposition but is itself tethered to the heartstrings of your most profound moral convictions. Your vote is a wish to instantiate a world in greater alignment with your highest principles. And a vow to preserve the rights previously and often arduously gained.

Most of us subscribe to the universal spiritual and moral principles of love and empathy. And these precepts may foster, in our mind’s eye, a vision of a world that is more just and equitable, more harmonious and sustainable. Our vote is the distillation, if an imperfect one, of this imagined world our hearts know is possible. Such an understanding of this civic exercise may serve as a potent lens through which to contemplate to whom and what we offer our solemn pledge.  

We cast our vote for people and ideas in the form of leaders and policies on federal, state and local levels. If we embrace this rite as not just a civic duty but also as an expression of our highest self, what are the traits and attributes we seek in our presidents and congress people, in our bills and propositions? 

Very often, our civic mindedness is galvanized by what we are against. But it is ultimately far more sustainable to be mobilized by what we are for. In superlative leadership, the body politic thirsts for the elixir of wisdom and compassion.

Wisdom emerges from a critical study of one’s own experiences, particularly one’s failures. It is reflected in sound judgment and discernment. It is characterized by contemplative, unbiased and decisive responsiveness to situations, not impulsive reactivity.  

Wisdom can be considered a moral quality, both separate and connected to knowledge. The French Renaissance philosopher, Michel de Montaigne wrote, "We can be knowledgeable with other men's knowledge but we cannot be wise with other men's wisdom.” Sapient leadership is not boastful nor does it not revel in the accumulation of facts and figures. Instead, it cultivates an awareness of what it does not know. The wisest leaders surround themselves with others who have capacities and talents that infill the empty caves of inadequacy. Great leadership recognizes its own deficiencies and opportunities for growth. In this way, wisdom and humility are interwoven. Consider these sage writings on leadership from Lao Tzu, the father of Taoism:

“A great nation is like a great man:

When he makes a mistake, he realizes it.

Having realized it, he admits it.

Having admitted it, he corrects it.

He considers those who point out his faults as his most benevolent teachers.

He thinks of his enemy as the shadow that he himself casts.”

And:


“All streams flow to the sea because it is lower than they are.

Humility gives it its power.

if you want to govern the people, you must place yourself below them.

if you want to lead the people, you must learn how to follow them.”

That these quotations are as prescient today as they were 2500 years ago, during the time of the warring states, illustrate simultaneously their perennial truthfulness and humanity’s staggeringly protracted moral evolution.

Great leadership must also embody compassion; lovingkindness in the presence of suffering. Through an empathetic emotional connection to others, the eminent leader inhabits a psychological state predisposed to alleviating another’s suffering.

 Compassionate leadership also seeks to empower and encourage others, decentralizing decision-making through distributed leadership. It seeks not credit but accepts responsibility. Here, again, are the wise musings of Lao Tzu from the 17th verse of the Tao Te Ching:

The best leaders are those their people hardly know exist.
The next best is a leader who is loved and praised.
Next comes the one who is feared.
The worst one is the leader that is despised.
The best leaders value their words, and use them sparingly.
When they have accomplished their task,

the people say, "Amazing! We did it, all by ourselves!

The specific policies championed by consummate leadership are too many and diverse to enumerate in a measly weekend newsletter. However, as we peer inward to determine the initiatives we will support and oppose, we would do well to understand them inside these parentheses: Does the policy minimize suffering and maximize well-being for as many people as possible?

The diminishment of suffering and the maximization of human well-being can be mapped onto policies that help us either survive or thrive, that protect us or foster prosperity.

If government were to fulfill a hierarchy of needs, the wide foundation of the political pyramid would be the task of keeping citizens safe.  Humanity currently faces myriad existential threats, and a willingness and ability to understand the complex, shifting nature of these menaces is of paramount importance in our prospective leaders.

Misinformation is more likely to be weaponized in the 21st century than green men on a battlefield. The impending infocalypse may deep fake us into further social incoherence. When fact and fiction become utterly indistinguishable, our ability to cooperate in the projects of humanity will shatter into a million of shards of fragmented reality.

Climate cancer, as Simon Sinek aptly dubs it, is threatening our coastlines, intensifying weather events, acidifying our oceans, reducing biodiversity, reducing our agricultural land to desert, and spawning millions of environmental refugees.

While food scarcity looms on the horizon, obesity and associated chronic disease may be as perilous in some parts of the world as famine is in others.   

Of course, there is a biological pathogen to reckon with and learn from. As destructive as the current one is, the fatality rate of the next one may be twenty-fold.

These hazards, among others, will only further stress the centuries old project for racial equity which still cries out for criminal justice reform and equal access to housing, education and economic advancement.

As a bulwark against these shape-shifting menaces and challenges, we need leadership committed to sound and comprehensive technological, environmental, public health and social justice policy.

Beyond protecting our ability to survive, we seek policy that helps us thrive.

We look for innovative approaches to spur economic vitality while also protecting our most vulnerable from the sharper edges of capitalism.

Gross domestic product per capita can surely be a metric to measure our fiscal vibrancy. But, increasingly, we need to develop other metrics that more accurately depict our societal well-being beyond the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

We are capable of creating a S&P 500 of happiness and human fulfillment based upon a combination of these measurements: Life expectancy, homelessness, literacy and education levels, peace, incarceration rates, child poverty statistics, renewable energy usage, ocean and forest sustainability, rates of incarceration, wealth distribution, sane drug policy, comprehensive treatment of chronic disease and mental illness, social cohesion, and public good will and trust.

If well-being is a shared goal then the policies we support must ladder into these metrics.

The problems confronting us are immense, and you may feel at times paralyzed or numb in the face of them. But the world is not something happening to you. You are an active part of it. The human condition is merely the aggregate of billions of little decisions. Your vote is a recognition of self as a mere modification of a greater consciousness.

When you go to yoga class or sit in meditation, you may have an intention for that practice. Perhaps you vow to send lovingkindness to a friend in need or forgive someone who has done you wrong. Maybe you simply want to cultivate mindfulness, to sit in a non-judgmental awareness of the present moment. No matter your purpose, when the practice finishes, the intention does not simply disappear. In fact, in many instances, that intention is further fortified.

The same is true when exercising your right to vote. You will certainly have an intention with your vote. However, when the practice of voting concludes and the returns are tabulated, this intention does not evaporate. Maybe your candidate wins, maybe not. But your vote is merely a snapshot of a life’s journey. An election will surely have substantial consequences. It will set the ranks for a period. But your right work and right action will endure and persist. Take your vow, express your voice, make your solemn pledge. Rejoice and cheer, bellow and cry. And get back to work. The world needs you.

Be Ready

Schuyler and I have been hitched at the hip for 32 years of otherworldly bliss, over three decades of polkadots and moonbeams. Do you want to know the secret? Sure, you do. Don’t tell anyone but…

We have sex almost every day!

 Almost on Monday. Almost on Tuesday…

[Insert ba-dum-dum-ching]

This flaccid dad joke was Wayne Dyer’s opening line for years. He admittedly nicked it from nutrition pioneer Jack LaLanne, who opened the first fitness gym in Oakland, California in 1936. Hence, I feel absolved for pilfering it here.

Wayne was my first spiritual teacher. I met him once backstage when he lectured at Wanderlust in Lake Tahoe. After a frivolous chat about how nothing real ever changes, he reached out with his warm catcher’s mitt of a hand and said, “Jeff, stay close to the work. And be ready. “ 

There’s hard evidence that Schuyler and I exceeded the “almost” at least three times. Schuyler, who was herself born at home, never questioned where she wanted to birth our babies. We attended (ie: she dragged me to) a workshop in lower Manhattan led by Ina May Gaskin, the legendary author and midwife. Gaskin has delivered hundreds of babies at her midwifery clinic on The Farm, an intentional community located in Summertown, Tennessee. Gaskin was a pioneer in re-envisioning birth as a natural process (or the most natural process of all) and catalogued the litany of medical interventions that can lead to complications in the hospital. Home birth is certainly not for everyone, but, for better and for worse, Schuyler, like you, is not everyone.

As a homebody, I was quite content to follow Schuyler’s lead. Remaining snug in your jammies, avoiding the hailing of cabs mid-contraction, steeping rooibos in your own teapot. These comforts breed serenity and minimizing stress is childbirth’s friend.

Our eldest daughter, Phoebe, was born in the guest room of her great-grandfather’s house on the Connecticut shore. Like the cocktails, the day was dark and stormy. The grandparents numbed their imaginations with Meyer’s rum as Schuyler raucously labored in the adjoining room. After our little leo emerged, the blue fish started jumping and a rainbow arced over Long Island sound. I’m not lying.

The setting for the nativity of number 2 was considerably less bucolic. Ondine was born in a basement in Brooklyn. It wasn’t a dank, cement, bare-bulb type of cellar, but it wasn’t exactly Gatsby either.

We found a midwife named Cara who lived on the Lower East Side. It wasn’t far from our Williamsburg apartment as the crow - or, in this case, the stork - flies but it was a bit of a schlep on the subway. Cara was a former fashion model and her office was riddled with dozens of framed photos of her former fabulousness. I found this distracting. Nevertheless, we felt quite confident in Cara’s custody and, together, we hatched our birth plan.

The doting husband assumes significant admin in a home birth. I’m not complaining. Despite the transformational experience women have as portals for new life, I wouldn’t swap roles for all the tea in China. I doubt I could be so brave. Dutifully, I ordered the receiving blankets and drop cloths, the peroxide and the sponges. I froze the sanitary pads with dabs of witch hazel tincture. I rented the six-foot inflatable tub and jiggered a makeshift hose from the laundry room to fill it. I carried endless cauldrons of boiling water down the narrow stairwell to keep the tub at a balmy temperature.

At game time, the primary expectation was that I win the Emmy for best supporting role in a drama. To fully be there - emotionally and physically. And … to bravely wield the mighty mini-strainer just in case any pushes yield buoyant brown nuggets in the tub. I didn’t fancy this function so much.

Our due date was in June. Coincidentally, Ricki Lake released her brilliant documentary on home birth, “The Business of Being Born” at the Tribeca Film Festival in May. Cara was heavily featured in the film and reveled in the limelight of it all. I suppose we felt vaguely notable by association but Cara, reliving her erstwhile stardom, became less accessible. It didn’t really concern us. We were professionals. We’d been through this before.

The morning arrived, Saturday, June 23rd. We were patient patients. When the contractions were consistently two minutes apart, I rang Cara. She’d be right over. I helped Schuyler down the stairs into the cellar. We had a big blue yoga ball, an inversion swing, a quasi- dance bar you could hang on, and, of course, the ersatz jacuzzi. It was like a mini birthing Olympics. 

Our doula, Tanya, arrived, thankfully, with bagels. My mum whisked Phoebe off to the Coney Island Mermaid Parade. Schuyler’s mother and I balanced each other on a teeter-totter of nerves, busying ourselves. When in doubt, boil water. And Schuyler, bless her soul, went to work.

Matters were progressing slowly like a low-scoring baseball game. In the top of the third inning, my phone chirped the opening riff of Ice Ice Baby, my ringtone for Cara. I picked up and she literally said, “Are you sitting down?” 

Cara wasn’t coming. She had another client in Queens who had gone into labor a month early and Cara felt, rightfully, that her situation was more pressing than ours. Few instances in life have ever tested my threshold of compassion like this call. As cortisol flooded the highways of my veins, my reptilian brain inwardly screamed, “What about my fucking wife!” Instead, I shakily scribbled down the number of Cara’s back-up, Miriam, and hung up.

I briefly debated whether or not I should tell Schuyler that her midwife was headed to another borough, as if eventually she might not notice. This reticence might reflect my ludicrous approach to psychological problem solving: sweep it under the rug and hope it will disappear. But, as casually as I could muster, I tossed the news down the stairs like a gently pitched cornhole beanbag.

Schuyler, well in the throes of it now, emphatically roared back, “I don’t give a shit.”

Next, I dialed Miriam who picked up a scratchy line. I briefly painted the scene. She was chill and asked for directions. In return, I solicited her whereabouts. She was in a car headed north on I-87 near Woodstock. For those of you not familiar with the geography of the Northeast, that is bloody far away from Brooklyn! Two hours on the very best of days.

Reality crashed over me and pinned me momentarily to the sea floor. As I surfaced, a steely resolve set in. I was going to deliver this baby. 

I suppose I could have rummaged through YouTube. Typing “how to deliver a baby” in the search box may scream of absurdity but, lo and behold, the platform is flush with turbaned hippies providing guidance.

Instead, I calmly took off my clothes and got in the tub with her. I don’t remember much of the next ninety minutes, just that evolutionary biology unwound. We became animals, moaning together, our intuition pulling us inexorably forward. Schuyler was stunning, pushing with controlled ferocity and returning to the breath.

And, finally, Schuyler pierced me with her eyes and uttered, “I can’t do this.” Of course, this meant that she was on the precipice of delivery. I cautiously slipped my hand between her legs and felt our baby crowning. I must admit there was a tiny part of me that wanted to push that diminutive cranium back up the birth canal. But, instead, we braced for the next push and … 

Ding dong. 

Really? A commercial break with 5 seconds left in the game. 

Did I actually say “wait right here?” I don’t recall. I trundled up the stairs like a wet retriever and swung the door open. There was Miriam. Somehow, she knew exactly where to go. I trailed her, already loyal.

She flipped open a mini-valise of miscellany; a handheld Doppler, a fetoscope, clamped scissors to cut the umbilical cord, Vitamin K and pulled out a set of sterilized gloves. She motioned to me to kneel behind Schuyler with my biceps underneath her armpits. She stepped into the tub, squatted down and felt around. So fluent were her hands that she looked calmly up at the ceiling as she surveyed. And then, with a tender effortlessness, caught Ondine, our little wave, and placed her gently on my beloved’s chest.

A profound silence impregnated the room, the permeating hush of gratitude, the acknowledgement of the astonishing miracle of life. So transcendent was this moment of utter presence that quite astoundingly, Schuyler, drunk with oxytocin, looked up at me and said, “let’s have another.”

And we did.

 Miriam delivered our third daughter as well; in the same cellar, in the same tub, with the same confidence and grace. We were humble in the preparations for Micah’s birth. We took the time to actually meet the back-up, just in case.

Ondine’s birth story was a reminder of the certainty of uncertainty. Despite the best laid plans of mice and men, life is unpredictable, anything can happen. Uncertainty is the nemesis of the conceptual mind. We seek control through knowing and, in the presence of unpredictability, it is too easy to succumb to fear. Our ability to reason, discern and act ethically is debilitated in this state.

Why do we meditate, practice yoga, breathe and sit in silence? There are myriad reasons, one of which is to be able to witness fear and not become it, to understand it as a transitory phenomenon passing through your consciousness moment by moment.

Viktor Frankl wrote, “Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom.” We practice to cultivate this sacred space within us.

Over the course of our personhood, the unexpected will inevitably rear its head time and again. The unforeseeable colors not only our personal lives; our babies and relationships, jobs and projects, but also our global humanity. We are living in a time punctuated by uncertainty. It is increasingly difficult to distinguish between fact and fiction. We are careening toward an election the outcome of which may not be revealed for some time. The institutions that have long provided stability are showing fissures of fragility.

A new, somewhat confounding reality is being birthed and the midwife may not show. But we must not accede to fear. We must commit to our daily practice such that we create the space between stimulus and response. This space will guide us toward right work and right action. Let me whisper to you the words of a wise man, “Stay close to the work. And be ready.”

Good Grief

Ever since the baby was born, Terri never quite felt herself. The weight she gained during pregnancy gnawed at her. The fabric of her marriage was threadbare. Her degree in social work hung cock-eyed and dusty on the wall. She had seen a doctor who had scripted her a second-generation anti-depressant. And now it was as if there were a thin gauze layered between her and the world. Colors were muted. The clatter and buzz of the city dampened. One day, while slicing a cucumber, she nicked her middle finger. She didn’t even notice until she spotted the burgundy stains on her blouse. Maybe she had married Ben too soon. Maybe she should have gone back to school as planned. Maybe. Maybe.

One August day, Terri decided to bike to Lincoln Park. She strapped little Susan into the baby seat and mounted her cruiser. The summer sun scorched. She veered right on Grant off of Larrabbee. The wind and the heat, the boisterous silence of the city street, their crowded emptiness, their empty crowdedness, it spun her mind. 

Where Grant met Clark, a high curb lipped the avenue. Maybe she saw it. She worked the pedals. The chain turned. The handlebars rattled. The front tire smacked the curb and Terri sailed off the bike seat. Time briefly stalled as she hovered above the madness and then floated to the asphalt with an unbearable gentleness, her mind finally clear. 

---

As per their nightly ritual, Adeline and Arthur sat at the card table playing pinochle, two glasses of scotch sweating atop marble coasters. Back in those days, you answered the phone when it rang. Arthur trod across the room and grabbed the handset. It was Seymour. Arthur crewed with him on weekend sailing expeditions on Lake Michigan.

“Arthur, turn on the television. I think Susan is on the news.” 

“Adeline, turn on the TV. Seymour, I’ll call you back.” 

Sure enough, Susan was on the 5 o’clock local news with a caption underneath that read, “if you recognize this baby, please call 312-746-6010.” Adeline scrawled the number down on her score sheet. 

Arthur dragged the rotary clockwise with his index finger as swiftly as he could. An administrator at the Chicago Police Department answered.

In his typical straightforward manner, he said, “This is Arthur Kaplan. My grand-daughter is on the news.” There was a pause on the line. A detective grabbed the phone.

“You say your grand-daughter is on the news.” 

“That’s right.”

“Is that your daughter’s daughter?”

“That’s correct.”

“I’m very sorry Mr. Kaplan, but I have some bad news.”

---

Some of my first vivid memories were of my aunt Terri. She visited us when we lived in Santiago de Compostela, Spain in 1973. We toured the old church together and played hide-and-seek behind the massive rocks in the courtyard. She was spry and playful. My father and his bother felt an effusive, if custodial, love for their sister. But no one cherished her more than her father Arthur, my grandfather. The loss of his beloved daughter was eviscerating.

I wonder if there is any greater pain than burying a child. The confounding dis-order of never beholding the full expression of their being. Life’s singular canvas torn away mid-brushstroke, a work unfinished. A redemptive hope beyond your own life dashed. The horror of it leads us to forget that, in death, the pain is often mercifully transferred from those who suffer to those who remain.

Papa, as we called him, remained outwardly stoic in his grief. He stood quietly in the pain with no umbrella. He was part of what Tom Brokaw dubbed the Greatest Generation, those who grew up during the deprivation of the Great Depression and served their country valiantly. They possessed a steely resolve, rarely showed emotion and never wore jeans. 

Being a consummate real estate man, Papa negotiated with himself in the wake of Terri’s death. If only he had called that morning, been more present, provided more support, insisted she stay in school, protected her better, kept her away from that man, fill in the blank. Inevitably, against his will, he surrendered. He was bidding on a building with no address. Terri had left the bargaining table. And, in this acceptance, a benevolence toward himself cautiously emerged within him, a self-compassion. The emotional boot camp of his loss propelled a type of spiritual evolution for my grandfather.

Recognizing the suffering of another may exist along a spectrum from pity to sympathy to empathy to compassion.

Papa had little patience for either end of pity which he found demeaning to both provider and recipient. Sympathy may be understood as a lesser form of empathy, a cognitive and emotional acknowledgement of someone’s pain but with no requirement of agency. Empathy is the donning of the emotional clothing of another, but this psychological state has no valence. It can be understood as emotional contagiousness where someone’s sadness may trigger your sadness while another’s joy may elicit your own joyfulness.

Papa made the full and arduous trek and, over time, came to embody compassion, lovingkindness in the presence of another’s suffering in a manner that actively seeks to alleviate that suffering. He was never morbid. On the contrary, he lived in a state of great expansiveness and generosity. For the balance of his life, he doubled down on love. He was the fulcrum of all family reunions and excursions. He put every child and grandchild through college. Adeline dubbed him Mr. Possible, because he made everything in our lives possible.

I visited Papa once in Miami. It was June, the air hot and wet. Papa woke up early, the rising sun his alarm clock. He strode to the porch, slid the glass door shut behind him and stared out over the vast ocean. I watched him for a long time from the kitchen as he stood quietly, motionless, the sun on his face. Finally, I walked out and stood beside him. He raised his hand and put it firmly on my shoulder.

“It’s Terri’s birthday,” he said softly.

I looked at his glassy eyes still fixed upon the distant horizon. He was too proud to let me see him cry. Pulsating rhythmically on the side of my neck, his hand shed the tears. It was the only time I ever heard him utter her name. Despite the profound love he shared with all of us, the pain was still unspeakable. We filled the chasm of his heart with love’s rushing water, but there remained a damned estuary where the land lay arid and fallow. 

When he passed and soared above the vacillations of space and time, my sadness was tempered. He would now know what had previously been unavailable to know, why she had leave in the manner she did. 

---

I have been reminded recently of my grandfather’s hero’s journey by the approximately 6387 daily emails I receive from Grandpa Joe asking me to “chip in $2.” Somewhere tucked far beneath the curated folksiness of these robo-emails is a similar tale of grief. I ask the reader to please hover above the political invective for a moment. It will still be there when you land.

 

On December 18, 1972, Biden’s wife, Neilia, and their three children were Christmas shopping. They all loaded in the car and were headed home, tree atop the roof, when a tractor-trailer broadsided them. Neilia and daughter, Naomi, were killed instantly. Sons Beau and Hunter sustained severe injuries. Biden, 30 years old and recently elected to his first Senate post, was in Washington. Like my grandfather, he would receive news of the tragedy on a phone call. Beau would later die in 2015 of a rare strain of brain cancer.

I make no comment on Biden’s politics here but simply render this humanistic observation. He appears most authentic, most energetically at home, when providing comfort to those in pain.

---

In her landmark work On Death and Dying, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross famously delineated the five stages of grief we experience after the loss of a loved one: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and, finally, acceptance.

In denial, by pretending the loss does not exist, we decelerate the emotional processing of the overwhelming pain.

In anger, we feel free to express strong emotion without vulnerability. Anger, more socially acceptable than admitting we are scared, allows us to express emotion with less fear of judgment.

In bargaining, we grope for some perceived semblance of control in a situation where none exists. We might ruminate over our interactions with the person we have lost, recall times when we may have said things we did not mean, and wish we could go back and behave differently to alleviate any pain we may have caused.

In depression, panic ebbs, the emotional marine layer burns off and the loss is visibly clear. We often pull inward, recoiling into a cocoon of mourning.

In acceptance, the pain remains visceral but we no longer resist reality and cease our attempts to pretzel it into something it is not.

Anyone who has experienced this process of grief will note that it does not unfold in linear fashion. We are tossed turbulently between these stages. We get stuck, break through and break down while slowly, inexorably, crawling towards acceptance.

In his recent book Finding Meaning, grief expert and friend, David Kessler weaves a sixth stage into processing grief: purpose. At the other end of sorrow’s long, winding hallway there is a door which opens onto the opportunity to channel suffering into compassion, munificence and the betterment of the human condition. This magnanimity may take different forms. Candace Lightner, for example, founded the non-profit Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) after her 13-year old daughter, Cari, was killed by an inebriated driver. My grandfather found purpose in his unwavering commitment to family. In our quest to find redemptive meaning in loss, we make amends, forgive, launch charities, volunteer, and, even, run for president.

Man’s search for meaning, as chronicled memorably in Viktor Frankl’s eponymous text, can be found in three places: in love and relationships, in creative work and self-expression and in suffering. The last category, of course, is the most challenging.

In his 1946 book chronicling his experiences as a prisoner in Nazi concentration camps during World War II, Frankl takes on Freud in this remarkable passage:

“Sigmund Freud once asserted, "Let one attempt to expose a number of the most diverse people uniformly to hunger. With the increase of the imperative urge of hunger all individual differences will blur, and in their stead will appear the uniform expression of the one unstilled urge." Thank heaven, Sigmund Freud was spared knowing the concentration camps from the inside. His subjects lay on a couch designed in the plush style of Victorian culture, not in the filth of Auschwitz. There, the "individual differences" did not "blur" but, on the contrary, people became more different; people unmasked themselves, both the swine and the saints.”

Frankl describes in vivid and moving detail the efforts of select prisoners to provide their last piece of bread or boots or shoelaces to those in greater need. Despite conditions unimaginable in their horror, there were those in the camps that found profound compassion, lovingkindness in the presence of pain, meaning in their suffering.

The grief many of us experience is rarely as extraordinary as the death of a child or the Holocaust. But though our quotidian sorrows are mundane by comparison, all colors of grief are undeniably real and can cause profound anguish. The fracture of a romantic relationship, a friend moving away, the loss of a job, the sale of a family home. These realities, and a host of others, point to an unavoidable and integral component of the human condition: pain is inevitable.

The psychologist Erich Fromm wrote, “To spare oneself from grief at all cost can be achieved only at the price of total detachment, which excludes the ability to experience happiness.” In short, to know grief is to love.

Would we have it any other way?

I likely don’t know you but I am confident in this. Every single person reading this text has a story that would turn me inside out and make me weep. We are unified in heartache. But ask yourself what will you make of this pain? For your feeling of grief is simply the acknowledgment of your ability to love. I pray you find meaning in your suffering, like Papa.

The 'Rona

In mid-February 2020, my friend Russell and I attended a conference called The Conscious Life Expo. The twisted irony of the name will whistle out the kettle in a moment.

The event was hosted at the LAX Hilton, a nondescript concrete behemoth beside the Los Angeles airport. Behind the banal façade, like a technicolor pearl in an oyster, an animated psychedelia awaited.

As we entered through the sliding glass, the scene was like a new age rendition of the Star Wars cantina bar. Hundreds of henna-tattooed droids and crystal-necklaced wookies sipped Starbucks’ dark roast while lathering on essential oils. Dread-locked hippies twirled to the wails of Waheguru in front of a makeshift stage in the marble lobby.

Russell is tall and, candidly, famous so we donned our hoods, like two Jawas, and surreptitiously slinked around the periphery of the mayhem.

We slithered up the stairs and into the entrails of the marketplace as if performing a spiritual colonoscopy of the conference center. The bazaar was sardined with every sort of mystic, sage and seeker hocking their wares; dreamcatchers and didgeridoos, palo santo and hemp leggings, books on finding yourself and others on losing yourself. Apparently, black tourmaline sends energy down through the root chakra and out the earth star chakra beneath your feet. Who knew?

The jammed hallways, the dropped cottage cheese ceiling and Russell’s height coalesced into panic-inducing claustrophobia like we were on Malkovich’s 7th & the half floor. Finally, we were squirted into the world’s most diminutive conference room where Russell was booked to speak. 

People swarmed in. Extra chairs were filled as quickly as they were added. A bejeweled lady with purple hair snuggled in next to me and produced not one, but two small parakeets from her satchel that balanced on each shoulder. I’m not kidding you. In a Hilton!

As people waited for Russell, it felt like a plane taxi-ing out the runway waiting for lift-off. Attendees began coughing like an orchestra tuning up before the concert, high-pitched short hacks coming from the piccolo, low resonant croaks from the bassoon. A cosmic pestilence filled the air like a fog machine.

Russell dazzled as per usual, gave me a look and out of the petri dish we squiggled. It was as if the Expo sneezed and propelled us like droplets out the mouth of the sliding doors and back into dull care. I’d never been happier to see a banker in a pin-striped suit hailing an Uber.

Knackered, I trudged home and went immediately to sleep.

 I woke up the next day, a Sunday, and felt off. My throat was scratchy and my chest was tight. My condition deteriorated over the course of the day. By Monday, I was running 102 and hacking uncontrollably. My body ached like I’d run a marathon. The fatigue was so profound I could only relate it to feeling I had in the aftermath of the many flights I took from Tokyo to New York. I remained in this acute state of illness for two weeks. 

Though the entirety of March and April, as the family sheltered in place, these symptoms intermittently recurred albeit less intensely. I’d attempt to take a walk only to turn around a hundred yards out in a clammy sweat and melt back into the puddle of my sheets. Daddy had what little Micah calls “the ‘Rona.” 

I am not exactly Jeff “The Rock” Krasno, but I am healthy. I exercise daily and I eat well. I have none of the comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19 contraction. Despite the propellers of Marine 1 whirring outside my window, I opted for self-treatment over air-lift. Of course, we knew little about this menace in the early Spring so I followed my instincts. I alkalized my body, gargling and drinking an unimaginable amount of apple cider vinegar. I built up my microbiome with probiotic sea plankton and coconut yogurt kefir. I “sweatidated” in the sauna by pouring eucalyptus water on the searing rocks until the air was stoked to 190 degrees and then breathing deeply to the guidance of Mooji, the Jamaican spiritual teacher. I took lypo spheric vitamin C and vitamin D. I ate clean, didn’t drink alcohol, severely limited my caffeine and got outside when I felt up to it. I slowly crawled my way back into well-being though my children claim I remain mentally deranged. 

My intention is not to be cheeky, though I suppose the world might benefit from some levity. A truck backed into my immune system and dumped a viral load big enough to mulch a football pitch. I was fortunate to be able to quarantine and have the resources to self-administer myriad if cockamamie treatments. Frontline workers, health care professionals, delivery drivers, grocery clerks, scientists, meatpackers, government officials and many others could not shelter-in-place. Of those that have gotten sick, many do not have adequate health care or the resources to self-treat as I did.  We owe them a great debt. And, to the best estimates, 37 million people have been diagnosed with the disease and over 1 million have died, including parents of good friends.

If you can remember back to March - and I don’t blame you if you cannot given the successive deluge of world events - you’ll recall how little we knew about the virus. Lying on my bed in my seventh sweat-soaked shirt of the day, my phone abuzz with sensationalism, I had no choice but to lean deeply into my meditation practice or go mad. For two hours a day, I drifted into the emptiness and I am not confident I have completely returned from the void. There appears to be some sort of sacred latency between the happenings of things and my responses to them. These essays have emerged from this uninhabited space as honest attempts to better understand the world more from the perspective of a witness than a participant.

Standing behind everything that separates us, beneath the various identity costumes we wear, we share a common need for purpose, belonging and well-being. This coronavirus is a barrier between us and our personal and collective health, our ability to connect with those we love and earn a living to support our families.

Another distant memory is the halcyon moment when we imagined that a global pandemic might unite us, envisioning the virus as blind to race, class and creed. Yet viable solutions to solving the greatest challenge of the last 100 years have been shrouded in a thick political marine layer. And while it’s difficult to navigate true north in a fog, still, we’re all piloting theories. It doesn’t help that our wacky cousin, and other more nefarious characters, are hurling misinformation at us like rotten tomatoes on Facebook. We are doom-scrolling, awash in memes and YouTube videos positing this theory and that.

Uncertainty is not the friend of the conceptual mind. When the mind cannot know, it will often default to fear over love, to reactivity over responsiveness. How many of us have been living in this exhausted, anxious, agitated, cortisol-fueled state, desperately trying to know the unknowable?

The invective of politics is so triggering that we lose our capacity for compassion and discernment. It’s preposterous that our political identities have anything to do with an issue as trivial as mask-wearing. Yes, I have read about 20 studies with varying conclusions but forget this disease even exists for a moment and return to a saner time. When I was a boy, any time I coughed or sneezed, my mum told me to cover my mouth. This was a moral lesson: I shouldn’t spread my germs because I value the health of the people around me. Love thy neighbor. The Golden Rule.

When we step back from the short-fused political polemic, we often find a simpler moral intuition to guide us. We all need some time to catch our breath.

Haste and science make cranky bedfellows. Yet politics is stomping its feet for answers now. And, in this demand, science falters and equivocates, further undermining confidence in itself. Vacillations about the nature of COVID’s transmissibility, for example, have confounded and confused. Good science - like good food, wine, yoga, piano playing, athleticism or art – takes time and requires patience. And good science, like those other endeavors, can bring us together. It is in togetherness, in scaled and flexible cooperation, that we achieve the great projects of humanity.

As fraught as this moment is, it is also pregnant with opportunity. If we could step back from the political precipice and on to the perennial sturdiness of morality and reason, if we could commune around a global collective effort to tame the virus, we could write a new world story.  

This virus appears to be highly transmissible with a relatively low fatality rate. It more severely impacts the elderly and those with comorbidities. This is a more insidious combination than immediately apparent. Higher fatality rates, for instance, might actually staunch the spread, as the virus would incapacitate or kill its hosts with greater frequency and justify more drastic lockdown measures. But, as it is, asymptomatic carriers can bop around and bestow the illness upon the more vulnerable.

This is where an ethical and moral dilemma surfaces. Many of us have intellectually tangled with the concept of herd immunity which propagates the idea that we entirely reopen our economies and, in short order, 60 – 70% of the population will have the antibodies and the disease will wither. Of course, we don’t know how close to these percentages we currently are. Knowing, however, that the illness is more fatal among people with heart disease, obesity, diabetes and other chronic diseases, and that these conditions are highly correlated across underprivileged socio-economic (and, by extension, racial) groups, we must honestly face this question: Is it ethical to sacrifice lives of our disadvantaged and elderly in the pursuit of herd immunity? If so, how many? The virus itself does not discriminate yet it shines a light onto where humans have.

There may be another way, a middle path. In the short term, we may see significant spikes of cases during the winter in the Northern hemisphere. But, together, we can rally around a number of measures to mitigate spread and fatalities. We can cautiously open sections of the economy and “dance in and dance out.” We can practice common sense public health guidelines which do not have to be Draconian or politicized. Limit large gatherings (80% of the cases come from 10% of people). Practice personal hygiene. Bolster immune systems though public health initiatives. Institute mass testing with rapid response home tests. Where there are outbreak clusters, we tamp down and contract trace.

There is also reason for optimism on numerous anti-viral fronts. A number of therapeutics including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (which the President received) and convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) are promising treatments. CPT uses blood plasma taken from people who have recovered from COVID-19 which contains antibodies that can recognize and neutralize SARS-CoV-2 as well as other components that may contribute to an immune response. These therapies can be used prophylactically within small circles as “ring vaccination.” For example, if someone within a family or social group contracts the disease, mAbs can be administered to other members within the group.

These community measures are most likely bridges to a widely distributed vaccine. Currently, there is tremendous public skepticism around a COVID vaccine, with a majority of Americans claiming they would not take it. Much of that skepticism is derived from, again, political pressure that is forcing vaccine developers and the FDA to rush a product to market. The looming election plays a prominent role in the current administration’s Operation Warp Speed initiative. Some urgency is clearly productive and there appears to be significant progress among numerous drugmakers.

Still, large-scale peer reviewed clinical trials must run their course. The outcomes need to prove beyond any doubt that a vaccine is completely safe. Recently, nine prominent drug makers pledged that they will not submit vaccine candidates for FDA review until their safety and efficacy is shown in large clinical trials. The move is intended to bolster public confidence amid the rush to make a COVID-19 vaccine widely available, and counter fears of political pressure to deliver a vaccine before the November presidential election.

Skeptics with legitimate concerns will still exist but if there is a safe vaccine available in the summer 2021, people may slowly shift their attitudes if it means they can see their families and friends, go back to work, travel and go to restaurants. Many may not decide to take the vaccine, but if approximately 70% do elect to accept it then we may achieve herd immunity.

This is just a paltry plan from a bloke tapping keys in a guest house. But we do need some blueprint. Otherwise, we’re back at the that Hilton Expo, waiting for two ravens to fly past a harvest moon while a crystal refracts the light from the iris of a coyote.

We can eradicate the virus. And, in doing so, we can accomplish something greater. We can re-establish faith in the best part of the institutions that eliminated small pox and put a man on the moon. We can eschew odious politics and rally the mighty infrastructure of our government to serve the people. We can move our collective conscious out of the amygdala, the center of fear, and into the pre-frontal cortex where sound judgment is reasoned. We can summon our better angels and grant ourselves and each other some grace. We can honor those who have passed by leveraging this hideous time into a more peaceable and global communion.

The Middle Way

Close your eyes. Sit tall, with your back straight. Plant your feet solidly on the ground below you. Take a deep breath in through your nose.

And hold it until November 3. Probably longer. 

Shut-eye doesn’t come easy right now, thoughts are swinging from branch to branch like a monkey. That debate debacle bore some semblance to the chatterbox in my head, where two imaginary frenemies incessantly prattle over each other:

“Please go to sleep.

Why didn’t you go to the bathroom before you lay down?

You really seem to be going a lot.

God, maybe you have diabetes?

Or maybe it’s a prostate thing?

You’re such a hypochondriac.

Still, you should probably go see the doctor.

But he moved.

Yeah, that motherf**ker moved.

You never really liked him and you should find someone on the east side.

The east side is much hipper anyways.

Yeah, better restaurants.

The west side is so … Gwyneth.

Screw Goop.

I like the Politician though.” 

If this inner dialogue was amplified out of my mouth, you would consider me certifiably insane. Yet, too often, such is the chaos of our psyche.

After I have tamed my cortisol-fueled hysteria with half-a-dozen CBD gummies and rubbed lavender copiously on my temples, I drift in and out of a restless slumber. I roll around fitfully, obsessing over that Facebook troll, conjuring come-backs. Really, Jeff? After all the meditation and tiresome exercises in self-transcendence, concocting social media barbs is how you’re going to spend your brief time of this planet?

Breathe. Count backwards from one hundred.

And then, like Rip Van Winkle, I am lucid. It’s November 28 and my girls have baked me a cock-eyed carrot cake. They are singing happy birthday painfully if beautifully off-pitch. I stroke my long white beard. A cool rain blankets the gilded hills of California. And democracy is preserved.

Of course, the real dream is that this dream is not a dream.

Back in the frenetic custody of the moment, we find ourselves utterly polarized. Have you ever pulled a fraying shoelace from each end, eyeing the middle unravel, until there’s a mere single strand tenuously and bravely holding communion? This is our country. One eye shut in denial, one eye reticently open, the undertow pulling us out into a choppy uncivil war.

The vase of truth lies shattered on the floor. We are but millions of shards of individuated and machine-curated modifications of an unshared existence. It’s no wonder we debase and not debate. Silicon Valley serves up a different feed of reality to each one of us. How can we cooperate without a shared foundational understanding of fact? And, now, the sane among us must take on the project of gluing together some semblance of inter-subjective reality.

The problem is that truth ain’t dressed in a mini-skirt. It won’t be propagated through memes. Truth is not sensational. It doesn’t go viral. It lives in the thicket of nuance, in the gray zone. 

In the very first lesson Gautama Buddha delivered after his awakening, he spoke of the middle path. In this sutra, Buddha describes the Noble Eightfold Path as the middle way of moderation, a life between the extremes of any polarity as objective reality.

The middle way is the course we must chart, as we sense the emergence of a new paradigm. In this moment of profound instability, there is the potential for substantial progress. We are questioning our systems and structures, putting a microscope to institutions that have long provided stability, sometimes at the expense of justice and equality. But here we must use discernment between baby and bathwater.

For example, we should hold the “mainstream” media to account for its many shortcomings. But let us remember that these many outlets compete with one another. There is no solitary cigar-smoking plutocrat directing them all a la Operation Mockingbird. Still, the insidious ad-revenue model that rewards sensationalism and hyperbole dribbles a popcorn trail to the extremes. The 24-hour news cycle values speed over depth. Misaligned incentives propel biased reporting. And the inability of many outlets to platform legitimate issues can push us to the thin edges of the branch.

Still, though, we must recognize the utility of journalism to hold government, the private sector and bad actors to account. In 1972, Woodward and Bernstein, reporters for The Washington Post, led the investigative work that shed light on the Watergate scandal and precipitated the eventual resignation of President Nixon. In 1984, Bob Parry and Brian Barger broke the Iran-Contra Affair for the Associated Press. In 2002, a scrappy team from the Boston Globe uncovered cases of widespread and systemic child sex abuse in the Boston area by numerous Roman Catholic priests. This work was chronicled in the award-winning film, Spotlight. In 2003, former diplomat, Joseph Wilson called out the non-existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq in a New York Times op-ed. In 2018, Miami Herald reporters, Julie K. Brown and Emily Michot did the harrowing work of reviving the Jeffrey Epstein case which had been cold for a decade. The Pulitzer Prize-winning series “Perversion of Justice” not only took down Epstein but also unveiled profound culpabilities in our criminal justice system. And, right now, the most comprehensive work to expose child pornography and hold Big Tech to account is being done by Gabriel Dance and his investigative team at the New York Times.

I could spend the better part of a day recounting the myriad instances that hard-nosed journalism unearthed malfeasance, bringing bad actors to justice. This work is heroic and, more often than not, unheralded. It is being done for meager financial reward and great personal risk by women and men rigorously committed to exhuming the truth. 

In 2015, Washington Post foreign correspondent, Jason Rezaian spent 544 days in an Iranian prison where he was informed daily of his impending execution. His colleague, Jamal Khashoggi, who had been sharply critical of Saudi Arabia's crown princeMohammad bin Salman, wasn’t so lucky. He was assassinated at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on October 2, 2018 by agents of the Saudi government and cut up into small pieces. This courageous and often overlooked work is pitted against YouTube which recommended the spurious videos of Alex Jones over 15 billion times. (See my article on the ills of Social Media). The migration of news to social media represents the divorce of power and responsibility.

My point is that – in evaluating our institutions, and, perhaps, life in general - there is a middle way that both recognizes good and bad, useful and broken, transcendent and redeemable. By moderating our own attitudes around a golden mean, we can focus on the betterment of these very systems.

Clearly, some of the caffeine has worn off along with the humor. Time for a refill.

I am no cheerleader for Western allopathic medicine or its villainous cousin Big Pharma. I tend to dabble in alternative remedies and a good amount of Krasnopathy, the emerging field of sweeping ailments under the rug until they go away. A white coat generally reduces me to a puddle of nerves. But I can tell you that, right now, given that I have just returned home from excruciating dental work, I am grabbing my pom-poms and doing splits for that anesthesiologist.

Yes, there is a parade of examples of Big Pharma negligence. The Merck arthritis drug, Vioxx, was responsible for giving 38,000 people fatal heart attacks. Purdue Pharma persisted in marketing OxyContin even though it was aware of its addictive and deleterious impacts. This drug ignited the opioid crisis that has taken 500,000 American lives. Denvaxia, a vaccine designed to prevent dengue, actually exacerbated severe symptoms and increased the risk of a deadly complication called plasma leakage syndrome with children in the Philippines. Gerald Ford’s rushed and botched H1N1 vaccine led to an estimated 450 people developing the paralyzing syndrome Guillain-Barré and of those, more than 30 died.

For all these horrific shortcomings (and scores more), we can also celebrate the achievements of science and western medicine that have greatly alleviated human suffering. 300 million people died of smallpox in the 20th century alone. This ravaging disease was declared completely eliminated in 1980. The discovery and development of the aforementioned anesthesia (1846), germ theory (1861), medical imaging (1895), penicillin (1928), organ transplants (1954), stem cell research (1970’s) and HIV therapy (2000’s), to name a few, have cured infections, prolonged life and minimized needless misery.

On a personal note, as a young boy, I spent hard times in the pediatric ward of Sloane-Kettering. And my father is currently recovering from colon cancer. I am both committed to living a healthy lifestyle and profoundly grateful for those who have devoted their lives to cancer research.

I use the institutions of media and medicine as examples as they are currently in the crosshairs of the polemic. However, you might apply the same thought exercise to any number of systems governed by humans. Like media is populated by journalists, medicine is inhabited by physicians and scientists. And people are highly imperfect. But as we imagine the world our hearts desire, will we let perfect be the enemy of good?  Or can we stand in what T.S. Eliot called “the still point of the turning world?” In the same way that higher consciousness requires us to float above our perceived selves as witnesses, to be aware of our own awareness, our collective consciousness demands a similar discipline: an ability to discern from a place of non-duality. 

Many of us are so obsessively staring down screens twelve inches from our faces that we seldom look up. When we hike up the hill of consciousness, we open the aperture of our awareness and, from this vantage witness the broadest swath of our humanity, warts and all. From here, we can commit to the right work, the right action, the right speech - the noble path - that slowly bends the moral arc of history. As we descend back into our villages to chop the wood and carry the water of life, the middle way beckons.

Small Is Beautiful

I fell asleep last Thursday night, a copy of E. F. Schumacher’s “Small Is Beautiful” on my chest, only to be jostled out of reverie by what I perceived to be an earthquake. In retrospect, the jolt could have been the seismic gyrations of my sister-in-law who was in throes of labor just a mile away. In the wee hours of Friday morning, Lewis Kofi Krasno entered the world, trading seats with Justice Ginsburg. Amidst the political chaos, the fires, the virus, the uncertainty, life miraculously presses on.

To behold this unadulterated innocence in your arms is to understand that indeed small is beautiful. This radiant helpless creature, fresh from the oneness of the womb, is closer to God than I’ll ever be, for he knows not the individuated self. He knows only connection. There will be a moment, probably in two years, when he will realize that he is not his mother. And, some years after that, he will become painfully aware of his own mortality and that of his parents. The double-edged sword of consciousness will be unsheathed. He will spend the rest of his life wandering, searching for this condition that he now inhabits, free of the conceptual mind, just being in the everlasting now. 

My girls love babies. Even Micah dons the sling and totes little Lewis confidently around the living room so the adults can gossip. Lauren, the luminous mother, slurps the foam off her first Guinness and regales us with her birth story. Lewis is her first child and the labor was remorseless. From the blissful vantage of our snuggly dinner, she recounts the litany of obscenities shrieked between contractions. And we laugh now in direct proportion to her prior agony, as if to bring the world into emotional balance. I remember holding Schuyler, my arms bulging underneath hers, while she pushed. This act is so viscerally profound, so acutely personal that it is impossible to comprehend that it has transpired 108 billion times. 

Why is being human - from delivery to demise - so painful, physically and psychologically? I don’t want to belittle the plight of the mare but, in comparison to human nativity, a newborn horse is foaled with minor difficulty and, generally, unassisted. The young filly wobbles for a mere moment and then she clumsily ambles off while humans nurse off their parents’ resources in an endlessly protracted and tortured tenure. 

Patriarchal Christian society would blame Eve for this trouble. She desired what was forbidden and tempted her husband into willful sin. This malevolent disruption of God’s plan resulted in Genesis 3:16: “To the woman He said, ‘I will greatly multiply your pain in childbirth. In pain you will bring forth children; Yet your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you.’" Indicting Eve for women’s perennial suffering is patently unfair. This mythology also fosters fear. And, if there’s one thing I have learned after three rounds, fear is the enemy of the birthing room.

Though I have no plans to breastfeed Lewis, I am reminded of how much I like Guinness. And while I am completely sober scrawling this text now, I did originally posit this potentially ridiculous theory under some influence. I have subsequently learned that this thesis is actually known as the obstetrical dilemma. It involves a number of opposing evolutionary pressures including bipedalism and increased cranium size. 

The timelines of these evolutionary developments are murky. However, it appears as if our hominid ancestors, the aptly named Homo erectus, got firmly on their two feet some 1.9 million years ago. Human hips tapered to support locomotion. Male and female hips evolved differently both from a size and angle perspective as women needed to be able to carry out the process of childbirth and also be able to move bipedally. In fact, examination of the pelvis proves to be the most useful method for identifying biological sex through the skeleton.

Early Homo erectus had modestly sized brains, approximately 600 cubic centimeters. However, cranium size doubled over time. One possible explanation for this development relates to the domestication of fire. Somewhere around 500,000 years ago, it is believed that humans got quite proficient at harnessing fire for the purpose of cooking. There is evidence of ancient hearths and earthen ovens dating 300,000 years back.

Cooking added a number of new pages to the human menu. Meat could now be grilled and vegetables could be softened through boiling. Other delights, heretofore inedible, like grains and root vegetables, could now be prepared for consumption. It is substantially easier to digest cooked food. Think of the chimp who monastically spends hours upon hours masticating leaves. There is evidence to suggest that cooked food diminished the amount of energy the body needed to digest and thereby reducing the length of human intestines. The body then directed this newly-found excess energy toward the brain. The average size of the Homo sapien brain is 1400 cubic centimeters. Hence, the dilemma: narrower birth canal meets bigger brain in an epic evolutionary clash.

One possible compromise between these countervailing forces was a truncated gestation period. There is some anthropogenic data which suggests there was once a “fourth trimester” that provided additional development time in the womb. But that through an evolutionary imperative to accommodate our ever-expanding cranium, human babies needed to born “pre-maturely.” This would explain why our cherubic children are such helpless, if loveable, blobs at birth. 

While this is an amusing rant at a dinner party, I can’t completely stand behind the science. And, now, I have read accounts that contradict pieces of this narrative. However, regardless of the evolutionary explanation, human babies are inarguably less self-sufficient than virtually any other mammals’ progeny. They require constant attention, feeding and tutelage. The prolific needs of our young children have had significant impact on our social structures. The well-worn African proverb, "It takes a village to raise a child" suggests that an entire community of people must interact with children to insure their well-being. We need Gramma to help out (but not too much!). We need friends and neighbors to take shifts, mash avocados and share the burden.

The success of our species is predicated on our ability to cooperate flexibly at scale. And this human skill may be a product of our need for collective child-rearing. Certainly not every child is born into a loving community but those who are gain a birthright of inestimable advantage. 

The other dimension of our prolonged development relates to identity. Human children remain highly impressionable for an extended period. Parents and community have enormous influence over who we think we are. Virtually all Catholics hold their specific faith because their parents are Catholic. The same logic applies for any religion, political affiliation, language, diet and on. We so often inherit the opinions and customs of our parents. It’s not until we get pimples and become malodorous that we remotely question what we believe in and why. We are convinced that we shape our world. Yet, so often, we are shaped by it. The awareness of our programming, imprinted not just by our parents, but also by our culture, rituals and media, often begets a personal reckoning. There is inevitably a solitary and reflective moment where we ask, “Who the hell am I?”

After three daughters and two nieces, I am over the moon to have a nephew, to engage in all the archetypal rituals of manhood; throwing footballs, going to games, drinking beer, telling dumb jokes. I know he’s but a week old but is it ever too early to stock up on fishing tackle and poker chips? Or perhaps a broadening culture will afford him the opportunity to eschew these tired tropes of masculinity and hop in the dance class carpool with his cousins.

I am thrilled for my brother, Eric, and Lauren as they enter this delicious phase of life. I am delighted for my father that the Krasno name has precariously squeaked by into another generation. But I bear the same fears, and no small measure of guilt, for Sweet Lew that I shoulder for my own children. Nothing makes the global mayhem we have wrought more palpable then when we witness it through the prism of our children. We feel the hot breath of looming environmental catastrophe, vitriolic polarization and the unraveling of social cohesion on our necks. I have crested the summit and am now headed home. But, Lew, he’ll inherit what’s left. And if there’s anything in the world that should inspire us to live peacefully with each other and the planet, it is the glorious emergence of new life. It is he, small and beautiful.

Antisocial Media

“Come on, honey, not at the dinner table.”

Anyone with a teenager knows what this futile request refers to. And, candidly, I raise my hand, guilty as charged, for sneaking an under-the-table peak at my IG between helpings. 

What did we used to do in the backseat on those long family drives? Sing songs? Play the alphabet game? Just be bored?

Now, we furnish our beloved progeny with glowing screens that stream endless cat videos and much worse. And they can’t put them down. Of course, while they may never listen to us, they never fail to imitate us. How many of us “grown-ups” routinely and mindlessly grab for our devices within five minutes of waking up?

Be honest. But don’t be too hard on yourself. You may be convinced of your own free will. But remember what you’re up against. Deep Blue, a computer developed by IBM, beat Garry Kasparov in chess despite the fact that he had been playing since he was seven and reigned as world champion for twenty years. And that was in 1997, a year prior to the founding of Google. Imagine the supercomputer your self-determination is vying against now. 

Since I’ll spend the balance of our time together indicting social media for fostering loneliness, diminishing self-esteem, decreasing attention spans and tribalizing society, let me summarize some of its positive attributes first. Social media has given people voice, particularly the marginalized. It’s a brilliant and protean tool for organization, from the Arab spring to Lolli’s wretched roller-skating party. It is an outlet for creativity, democratizing its distribution. And, of course, I love keeping up with old high school buddies and their Pomeranians (well, most of them).

The intention of social media was to enhance life, to foster connection in an increasingly individuated world. Unfortunately, its existence is a good case for consequentialism since it can be argued that nothing has atomized and polarized us more than the invective of Twitter, Facebook and YouTube. 

A couple of statistics to grok the scale of social media usage. Facebook currently has 2.7 billion “users” – a term that the recent documentary “The Social Dilemma” points out is otherwise reserved for consumers of drugs. Facebook has added 100 million accounts in each of the last two quarters. YouTube has 2 billion users. 79% of all internet users have their own YouTube account. Teenagers clock an average of 7 hours and 22 minutes of media screen time daily – NOT including time spent using screens for school and homework. While this barely seems feasible given a day consists of 1440 minutes, the typical cellphone user touches his or her phone 2,617 time every day. The study found that extreme cellphone abusers touch their devices more than 5,400 times daily. 

What transpires while we scan the endless scroll of phantoms held in our palms while often disregarding the three-dimensional beings in the room that we purportedly love?

Increasingly, brands use social media to market their products. You barely need to slide your index finger to be bombarded with images of unattainable perfection, six-pack abdominals and luxury getaway packages. Surfing through these targeted fantasies fosters a sense of lack or “not-enoughness.” Brands then market products, services and trinkets to you to address these perceived deficiencies. And they do so with great efficacy, paying Facebook to place these images in the feeds of people who meet their demographic and psychographic profiles.

If only, and only if, I look like this and have that then I will be happy. You don’t need to be a Buddhist to comprehend that this pursuit lacks fruit. The moment you’ve clicked “buy now,” you are already plotting your next conquest. You can’t be happy in the future. Contentment is reserved for the here and now.

Perversely, social media also becomes the forum in which we trot out curated, filtered, fish-lipped renditions of our own lives. These false projections are a double-edged sword, immiserating both poster and user. In search of approval, we anxiously await the flood of likes to swell our brains with dopamine while the scroller evaluates his woeful existence against a phony portrait of flawlessness. Comparison is the invisible thief of happiness. 

Neuroscientists are researching the impact of social media on the brain and discovering that positive interactions (such as someone liking your yoga selfie) trigger the same kind of chemical reaction that is caused by recreational drugs.

To better understand our addiction to social media, one can draw on the work of American behavioral psychologist, B. F. Skinner, who posited that actions which are reinforced tend to be repeated. Positive reinforcement strengthens a behavior by providing a consequence that is rewarding. For example, when you get a social media notification, your brain delivers a neurotransmitter called dopamine along a reward pathway which makes you flush with joy. The same phenomenon is also associated with exercise, sex, food, gambling and drugs – which can all become addictive when abused. Variable reward schedules up the stakes. When rewards are delivered randomly (like when a flurry of digital hearts light up your post) and checking for the reward is easy, the dopamine-triggering behavior becomes a subconscious habit.

In terms of understanding the ramifications of the global and nonconsensual psychological experiment of social media, we are barely glimpsing the tip of an iceberg. Here are some correlations that are disturbing. There is growing evidence that social media increases loneliness and depression. Recent surveys indicate that 73% of heavy social media users consider themselves lonely. The pressures of social media appear to be particularly severe for teenage girls. Teenage suicide rates for girls since 2009 have grown 70% (and 151% for girls 10 – 14). Similar increases apply for non-fatal hospital admissions among the same cohorts. (source: The Social Dilemma)

The impacts of habitual overuse of social media on our personal wellness is alarming, but the deleterious impact on our societal well-being may be even greater. 

Society has become increasingly politically polarized and tribalized. Forty years ago, less than 25% of us lived in landslide districts, where one candidate won in a landslide over another. Now that number is 80%. We’ve bunkered ourselves in echo chambers so resonant that often all we hear are modifications of our own voice. Our ability to have healthy public discourse has eroded and debate on social media most always devolves into all caps screaming matches that only further divide and dehumanize.

How does social media contribute to extremism and the widespread espousal of unfounded theories? This quote from tech philosopher, Jaron Lanier, succinctly sums up social media’s core endeavor: 

“It’s the gradual, slight, imperceptible change in your own behavior and perception that is the product.” 

The modification of your ideas and how you act upon them are the product of this industry. This is what marketers, candidates, rogue groups and special interests are paying companies like Facebook and YouTube to do. The primary key performance indicator for YouTube is watch time. The more time you spend in the YouTube ecosystem the more ads they can serve up. The average visit length on YouTube is 40 minutes and the algorithm is optimized to keep you there for as long as possible. 

YouTube garners approximately 1 billion hours of watch time per day according to Guillaume Chaslot, an artificial intelligence (AI) expert and former Google engineer. More than 70% of views come from YouTube’s recommendation engine. These personalized recommendations appear as thumbnails in the right margin on your desktop or below your video window on your mobile phone.

The recommendations are personalized for you through AI that tracks your every view and the digital behavior of others like you. This may seem innocuous enough if you are like me, searching for Mooji meditations and getting served up Eckart Tolle or Deepak Chopra. 

Unfortunately, it’s often significantly more insidious. For example, Chaslot reports that YouTube’s algorithm detected an outlier trend that a small subsection of people watching fitness videos were also interested in pedophilia. So, it began serving up pedophilia videos among the recommendations while people were watching their high intensity interval trainings. It turns out the watch time of these lurid videos is quite high. And It appears that, in general, there is a correlation between extreme content and longer watch times. The algorithm is just doing what it is designed to do: keep people on the platform as long as possible. The problem with AI is the complete absence of moral filter. There is no ethical arbiter between creator and viewer.

Fake news, which may include spurious conspiracies, proliferates across social media at a rate 6 times the truth. The content is often scandalous and elicits emotions or disgust. The value-neutral algorithm’s affinity for sensationalist content may be the primary reason for the explosion of unfounded theories and movements like QAnon. Alex Jones, the founder of InfoWars, was a primary propagator of theories such as Pizzagate and Birtherism, and that 9/11 and the Sandy Hook massacre were hoaxes. Before he was de-platformed by YouTube, his videos were recommended at a minimum 15 billion times. It is no wonder that some of these ideas have taken hold.

I have little idea how much revenue (if any) YouTube or Alex Jones generated from these video views. However, at a $5 CPM (cost per thousand views), 1 billion views would yield 5 million dollars. YouTube keeps 45% of this revenue and passes the balance to the creator. There is a financial incentive for social media to trade in dangerous and often specious content.

Many people no longer get their news from establishment sources. The endless drone of “fake news” has undermined trust in traditional media. And some of this skepticism is certainly valid. Increasingly, though, people are finding their news on social media from unreliable sources including phony news channels, celebrities and influencers, who may have good intentions, but little training in journalistic ethics. Influencers, often unwittingly, peddle weaponized misinformation and subsequently become funnels for more nefarious groups looking to undermine democracy and spread chaos. Sometimes it would be funny if it weren’t so dangerous.  Like the Tik Tok influencer who went viral with a post claiming that the recent West coast wildfires were planned, as evidenced by the fact that they stopped at the US-Canadian border. She was referring to a US-only databased map. She is reported to have 2 million followers.

The proliferation of misinformation is aided and abetted by the algorithms. You can run this experiment yourself. For example, watch a Bill Maher or Robert Kennedy Jr. video about anti-vaccination on YouTube. Both of these gentlemen are whip smart, if sometimes too smart, and raise legitimate concerns about this issue. (As an aside, my wife points out - and I agree - that it is often the inability of the mainstream press to have intelligent public discourse on deserved topics that can push folks further toward the fringes). If you watch these vaccine-skeptical videos for a few days, like them and comment on them, you will start to be fed new video recommendations. Maybe an anti-mask wearing video. Maybe a “report” that COVID fatalities are exaggerated. If you engage with this content, the recommendation engine will progressively serve up more tantalizing fare, until you’re suddenly watching a 40-minute diatribe about the Archons, an inter-dimensional race of reptilian beings who have hijacked the earth. 

Slowly, invisibly, Lanier’s thesis takes root. Persuasive technology, algorithmically gamed against us, can make us feel as though we are “doing the research” and developing our own opinions. However, behavioral modification is often imperceptible to the user.

I joked with Schuyler that if you espouse the theory that, through a mandated vaccine, we’ll all be chipped such that our whereabouts and proclivities will be surveilled by an elite cabal trying to instantiate a new world order then we can all relax. We already pay $1000 for a device and $100 per month voluntarily for this privilege. There is a server whirring in some non-descript bunker that knows me better than my wife of 32 years, and perhaps better than I even know myself. And access to this knowledge of who I am is being sold. This is the perhaps the “conspiracy” behind all the others.

Enough doom and gloom already. The key to addressing the deleterious impacts of social media in your own life is found in a familiar place: Awareness. 

I have touted “The Social Dilemma” numerous times in this screed. It is a documentary chocked full of former Silicon Valley executives blowing whistles with the goal of spreading consciousness about social media. The Center for Humane Technology led by co-founder Tristan Harris created this documentary and is dedicated to articulating the problem and the path forward towards a new era of truly humane tech.

In the meantime, here are my humble suggestions for navigating social media consumption and happiness:

·      Meditate.  It will help you stay present, conscious and aware.

·      Actively cultivate in-person face-to-face time wherever possible.

·      Engage in nuanced, respectful conversation especially with folks with whom you do not agree.

·      Find ethical sources for news that that rely on legitimate experts and multiple sources, independently fact-check, have minimal biases, and publish corrections.

·      Read or listen to long-form content which can capture nuance and expand attention span. (Check out the podcast from CHT)

·      Be aware of modifications and radicalizations in your own behavior and ideologies.

·      And … limit your social media time. Turn off the wi-fi at night. Put your phones in a basket during dinner.

·      Be present for each other.

As always, feel free to email me with your thoughts. But then put your phone back down ;-).

You Split. I Choose.

You are hosting a big party. Not right now obviously. But in the future. You must be extremely popular because heaps more people than expected are showing up. And now you’re out of 7-layer bean dip, only remnant crumbs of tortilla chips litter the bottoms of bowls, and someone is licking the thin paste of remaining ranch dip off the veggie platter. You can sense a fomenting “hanger” and spring into action.

You call your local pizza joint and order the world’s largest-ever pie. Fifteen minutes later, four stoned dudes (including a guy you dated in high school) show up with a twenty-foot radius pizza. They carry it in like a chuppah and drop it on your front patio. You open the box and behold a chef d’oeuvre of oozing mozzarella, fresh arugula, crisped pancetta and perfectly thin crust.

Immediately though you notice something amiss. The pizza is not sliced. And here’s where this light-hearted romp become a philosophical conundrum. 

You must cut up the pizza. But you don’t know what piece you will end up with. So, how do you slice it up?

This admittedly trivial-seeming thought experiment transforms even Milton Friedman into a Marxist. Everyone, except an unrepentant slots player, converges on the same answer. They slice up the pie in equal denominations such that all party-goers are treated fairly. Let’s not think the motivation is completely altruistic. People cut up the pizza equally to protect their own self-interest. Who wants to end up with a measly corner piece that’s all crust (except my dad)?

In last week’s screed, I prattled on extensively about how humanity will create moral frameworks in an increasingly secular society. How will we distribute wealth and power? How do we define justice and equality?

In his 1971 work, A Theory of Justice, political theorist John Rawls introduces a technique known as “The Veil of Ignorance” as a means of exploring these very concepts of morality and ethics.

 In the pizza instance, you are “ignorant” as to the slice you will end up with. The simplest application of the veil of ignorance technique may be the playground ritual of sharing a candy bar: You split. I choose.

When you consider societal issues more consequential than pizza or a Snickers from behind “the veil of ignorance,” you don’t know your class, race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, education and other attributes that may provide you with privilege or lack thereof. From this vantage point, one can arguably make the most unbiased and clearest determinations about justice and its application.

Mahatma Gandhi wrote, “The true measure of any society can be found in how it treats its most vulnerable members.”

If there was a chance that you would be a homeless person, how would that shape your position on how we should treat the homeless? You can continue to extrapolate this concept in myriad ways. If there was a chance you might be a refugee, what would be your viewpoint on a just immigration policy? If there was a chance you might be gay, how would that impact your views on LGBTQ rights?

Humanity can ethically withstand some inequity of outcomes. For instance, someone may want to spend every breathing moment becoming a tech billionaire and someone else might prefer to seclude in the wood and pen novels. I know my predilection. But unless the world of letters becomes miraculously more lucrative, this would clearly result in financial inequity. However, this imbalance seems quite morally acceptable because the opportunity to make the decision that leads to the outcome is equally provided.

It follows then that the goal of an equitable society should be the ability to provide tantamount access to opportunity for all its citizens. And, if you accept this notion, then should it not also be the moral obligation of society to provide its members with a basic level of subsistence; shelter, food, health care, and education?

Essentially, everyone should enter life with approximately the same-sized wedge of pizza, a slice that represents one’s basic needs. No true meritocracy can exist without the provision of a rudimentary level of stability from which one’s well-being can flourish. In essence, a just society calibrates for arbitrary luck, compensating for the mere chance that one is born into some form of hardship or disadvantaged circumstance. And, indeed, this is what many societies endeavor to do with varying results. 

The United Nations World Happiness Reports show that the happiest people are concentrated in Northern Europe. The Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland) ranked highest on the metrics of real GDP per capita, healthy life expectancy, having someone to count on, perceived freedom to make life choices, generosity and freedom from corruption.

The Nordic model is a snuggly form of capitalism characterized by competitive free markets tempered by an elaborate social safety net which provides free education, universal health care and public pensions. There is significant public spending, hovering around 50% of GDP, and a large percentage of the population is employed by the public sector.

To Americans, the Nordic model reeks of democratic “socialism” – a word one dare not whisper without the risk of being all caps excoriated. Still, many of us in the United States recognize that the sharper edges of capitalism need dulling. Medicare, Medicaid, social security, unemployment benefits, worker’s compensation; these sacred cow programs are part of a social contract that recognizes the ethical necessity of public assistance. Further, while Americans treasure their rugged individualism and cut-throat capitalism, there is growing antipathy across party lines for escalating levels of income inequality. The combined wealth of Jeff Bezos, Bill Gates and Warren Buffett is greater than the aggregate wealth of the bottom 50% of Americans.

The American argument, one largely supported by Rawls, maintains that free-market capitalism can bake such a big pizza that even the smallest piece should provide subsistence, if not prosperity.

 Much of equality and fairness can be seen through the lens of distributive justice, how we disperse what Rawls dubs our primary social goods. When humans work cooperatively together, they generate surplus. For example, Amazon is the second largest employer in the United States. They own Ring, Twitch, Whole Foods, Audible and IMDb. This mammoth staff of over 1,000,000 people works together to create surplus value in the form of corporate profits and stock value. How is this excess is divvied up?

Business Insider put a microscope to Jeff Bezos’ annual earnings spanning a twelve-month period between October 2017 and 2018. Per hour, Bezos made a whopping $8,961,187 ($149,353 per minute!), roughly 315 times Amazon's $28,466 median annual worker pay. One might justify Bezos’ wealth if it were leveraged for the overall benefit of society. The idea that inequality can be just if it benefits the aggregate is known at the “difference principle.” In other words, if Bezos was utilizing his mass fortune to address deforestation in the real Amazon then we might ethically assent to such lopsided wealth distribution, but there is little indication that he is doing so.

The stratification of wealth in America is so pronounced that it led Yale Law professor, Daniel Markovitz, to point out that French Laundry, Thomas Keller’s obscenely upscale bistro, and Taco Bell, the ubiquitous fast-Mexican dive, do not share a single common ingredient on their menu. Not even the salt. 

Despite this universally despised asymmetry, America cannot manage to muster an intellectually honest conversation about income inequality. Any sincere attempt elicits cries of communism from conservatives and whimpers of ambivalence from centrist democrats. Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren, both now fundamentally specks in the rearview mirror, were not agitating for nationalization of private assets or collective ownership of businesses.  Their core message centered around adopting many of the compassionate capitalistic governing principles of the Nordic countries with the goal of creating greater equality of opportunity.

In 2009, Kate Pickett and Richard Wilkinson published The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better. The book highlights the pernicious effects that inequality has on societies: eroding trust, increasing anxiety and illness, and encouraging excessive consumption. It shows that for each of eleven different health and social problems: physical health, mental health, drug abuse, education, imprisonment, obesity, social mobility, trust and community life, violence, teenage pregnancies, and child well-being, outcomes are significantly worse in more unequal rich countries. It doesn’t take a social scientist to map these crises squarely on to American life.

One of the most difficult concepts for people to grok is the notion that self-interest and collective good are generally one in the same thing. But one must look no further than the happiness metrics of the Nordic countries for an affirmation of this confluence.

If we care about distributive justice and instantiating a fair society then there is a lot of common ground to be found in tackling wealth inequality. Increasingly, a smaller number of people are hording colossal pizzas while the rest scrap for crusts. This is the real Pizzagate.

A Bridge To America's Future

In 1898, Nathan Kiva, a nineteen-year old boy from Odessa, left his shtetl and embarked on the harrowing voyage across the Atlantic. Two months later, tempest-tost, his ship pulled into New York harbor, America’s golden door. Upon arriving at Ellis Island, he queued up and, finally, the immigration official asked for his surname.

“Kiva,” he replied.

The administrator wrinkled his face, “Vocation?”

“Ich bin ein gluzman,” Nathan mustered in Yiddish-inflected German.

“Ok. Nathan Glassman. Move along.”

Move along he did, out of the shadow of liberty’s torch and to Chicago. He purchased a small pushcart which he wheeled through the city repairing glass. Two years later, he met a Romanian woman, Dora, at the local temple. They soon married and, in 1918, my grandmother, Adeline Glassman, was born. 

In 1942, Adeline gave birth to her only child, Richard Krasno, my father. In 1958, Richard met his high school sweetheart at Evanston Township Highschool. Jean Cullander’s grandparents had immigrated from Scotland and Sweden. Jean’s mother, Fran, played the bells in her church group. She was part of the same United Methodist congregation for 92 years until she moved to Connecticut.

Richard and Jean fell in love and, mollifying all parties by accommodating none, they consecrated their vows at the Unitarian Church, a Christian theology that maintains that Jesus was inspired by God in his moral teachings but he was not God incarnate.

In 1970, Jeffrey Patrick Krasno was forceps-extracted at Lying Inn Hospital at the University of Chicago. The name Jeffrey is derived from a Middle French variant for Gottfried. Patrick, initially rooted in Latin, is a popular Irish name and was one of my father’s best friends. Krasno is Russian meaning “red” or “beautiful.” I opt for the latter. 

By the time I was seven, I had moved 10 times across Europe and Brazil. My olive skin, shades darker than that of my parents and brother, carries intimations of a promiscuous mailman. (Support the USPS (generally)). This jumble of genetics, faiths and peripatetics has always made self-identification a confounding process for me. 

I am a Scottish-Romanian-Swedish, Jewish-Methodist-Unitarian dude with a French, Irish, and Russian name who speaks a number of languages and doesn’t look like his parents. In lingua canis, you might call me a mutt, just lovable enough. In terms of nationality, all of these far-flung traits and ethnicities makes me distinctly American. 

My family was part of a major inflow of immigrants in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily from Eastern and Southern Europe. My story, though, is hardly exceptional. In fact, unless you are descended from Native Americans or from people brought to America against their will, then you share my immigrant story in some fashion.

Two Tuesdays ago, around 1pm PDT, my phone erupted with text messages. Joe Biden, the Democratic nominee for president, had officially selected California senator Kamala Harris as his running mate, a significant milestone given she is the first Black woman and the first of South Asian descent in American history to be on a major party’s presidential ticket. 

It is not my intention to legislate Harris’ political credentials here. I will simply state that, in my opinion, she is eminently qualified to be either president or vice-president. She is experienced, “tough” (as if that adjective would ever be used to describe a male candidate), articulate and progressive. And, like my beloved Nana, she also makes a mean tuna salad.

Harris’ selection underscores the rise of a new wave of children of immigrants, or second-generation Americans, as a growing political and cultural force. Her parents, Shyamala Gopalan and Donald Harris, both immigrated to the United States, from India and Jamaica respectively, to receive doctorate degrees at the University of California, Berkeley. They were part of a mid-century influx of immigration from Asia, Latin American and the Caribbean.

Harris also grew up in a multi-faith household that accommodated both Christianity and Hinduism. As an adult, she married Doug Emhoff, a Brooklyn-born Jewish lawyer. She currently identifies as Baptist.

In a time of shifting racial demographics and religious pluralism and disaffiliation, Harris’ candidacy represents a political and cultural bridge to the future of America, one that significantly diverges from the white Christian majority of the past. 

Nationwide, for the first time in American history, whites make up less than half of the population under the age of 16, a trend that is driven by larger numbers of Asians, Hispanics and people who are multiracial. Interracial marriage rates are especially high for second-generation Hispanics (26%) and among Asians (23%). Today, more than a quarter of American adults are foreign-born immigrants (approximately 42 million) or the American-born children of immigrants (about 25 million).

Here's a snapshot at what the future demographic composition of America resembles: In 2042, whites will no longer be a majority in America. And, at the current growth rate, a majority of Americans will identify as religiously disaffiliated by 2050. Whether one views this inexorable reality as deeply hopeful or profoundly threatening is among the greatest wedge issues of this moment.

What does this multi-racial, progressively more secular future mean in terms of how we self-identify and where we anchor morality and ethics?

Humans have invented myriad ways to understand the world and find purpose. Abrahamic religions, as heuristics, are useful in so far that they provide community, identity and moral values. However, the modern utility of texts that support the idea of fatally stoning someone for apostasy, homosexuality, talking back to your parents or not being a virgin on your wedding day is deeply questionable. Nor is the promise of paradise in the form of 72 virgins for martyrs carrying out the most extreme actions of the jihad ethically acceptable. In the end, despite any veneer of tolerance, these religions all ultimately claim the last word of God and are fundamentalist in this way. Sure, worship whomever you want, but you’ll be going to a hot place for eternity. Increasingly, young people simply do not resonate with this dogmatism.

Still, however, because we see many of the same universal truths posited in all religions and, also, because people of every faith have all claimed spiritual epiphanies experienced within the context of their own faith, this consilience suggests that there is some moral and ethical structure that occurs prior to the existence of religion. There is a basic and universal human intuition that recognizes compassion, love, empathy, charity and forgiveness as perennial virtues.

As we hurtle into a post-religious society, cohering around a reliable moral and ethical structure that does not devolve into relativism will be a formidable, if exhilarating, challenge. In the absence of religion (or, at least, one dominant faith), the future of how we differentiate between proper and improper decisions and actions may emerge from community, from how we co-exist and thrive together. And, in the United States, the way we live together will be increasingly secular and multi-racial. 

What If our fundamental understanding of “spiritual” truths like equality, empathy, love and compassion was not Judeo-Christian (or based in any religious doctrine), but, instead, essentially human? Or perhaps intrinsically American, in its highest incarnation? 

Identifying on the basis of race or religion can inform a sense of self, proudly connect us to a culture and a community, but, even in its best effect, it more often separates us. As the melting pot simmers and churns and institutional religion declines, race and faith will become less determinant in how we self-identify. This is where community and, by extension, nationhood, may become more important and central in the establishment of our identity and moral structures.

In trying to envision the future, messages in bottles can often provide clues. 70 millennia ago, homo sapiens experienced a near-extinction level event. It is posited that the Toba volcano super-erupted in Indonesia spewing forth tons of ash, creating a cooling effect on an already cold earth. There is evidence that the average temperature dropped 20-plus degrees in some locations and the great grassy plains of Africa significantly receded. This disaster decimated the human population as hominids retreated back to East Africa. It is speculated that the human population was reduced to a couple thousand bedraggled foragers. 

In his brilliant book Tribe, Sebastian Junger describes the propensity of humans to profoundly bond together in disastrous times. Few instances could have been more devastating than the Toba eruption. From the brink of extinction, humans forged cooperative systems, found common ethical frameworks and slowly repopulated over ten thousand years. This period in history could be considered pre-racial and pre-religious (though undoubtedly there were local deities).

The human population dwindled to such an extent that it created a genetic bottleneck, a drastic narrowing of diversity, that extends into the present-day. Though we often focus on what divides us, genetically, we are all incredibly similar.

From this pre-racial, pre-religious society of a couple thousand people 70,000 years ago to a multi-racial, secular society of 10 billion in 2050, the challenge remains similar: How do we develop moral and ethical frameworks to guide the development of the systems and structures in which we live?

Expanding the marketplace of ideas and ethics to equally include a variety of cultures, races and traditions should yield, from a purely evolutionary perspective, better philosophies and stronger social cohesion versus a society that requires assimilation into one dominant culture.

In many ways, the vision of a post-racial society uncompromised by institutional dogma holds great utopian promise. Imagine the sense of common purpose and shared humanity in a world where skin color and religious fealty were increasingly irrelevant. At the same time, it’s also easy to envision the dystopian opposite. In a world of escalating population, diminishing resources and looming climate catastrophe, we might further bunker into competitive tribes vying for limited supplies.

Let us assume for a moment that a moral universe would yield the greatest possible flourishing of well-being (freedom, shelter, health, belonging, purpose) and minimize suffering (famine, disease, needless pain, war). This proposition emerges from consciousness as a moral intuition that is arguably universally acceptable. Can social science provide us with the empirical data that in conjunction with this moral intuition guides our behaviors and actions towards a global efflorescence of well-being? It may be that an alloying of morality and science can inform a New Enlightenment which leverages technology for the purposes of maximizing global well-being instead of corporate profits.

Science and technology will certainly be the prime drivers of the future and their ethical application will be of growing and paramount importance. Science, by its nature, must maintain value neutrality in order to be beneficial and has, to date, offered little usefulness as a framework for ethics. Perhaps the emergence of morality as a science itself, as Sam Harris posits in The Moral Landscape, can light the way forward. Whatever the case this New Enlightenment must equally value reason and ethics if we are to instantiate a just society.

I know that as a meditator I should focus on the present moment but I can’t help but project into the future. In 2050, assuming we make it there, I’ll hopefully be in a corner somewhere, stuffed into a rocking chair, experiencing the transitory phenomena of howling grandchildren. But my daughters will be 46, 43 and 40, in the crosshairs of life. And I deeply care about what the human condition looks like, not just for my own children, but for everyone’s.

Kamala Harris is a bridge into that future. How fast we get there will depend, in some measure, on how many of us follow her across this current passage. I can say, as a proud American mutt, I am willing and ready.